The Basic Volleyball Passing Technique Skills Among Physical Education Students of The Class of 2025

Abstract

Volleyball passing skills represent a fundamental component in the development of technical competence in physical education, as they support ball control, game organization, and the effectiveness of offensive and defensive play. However, variations in students’ mastery of basic passing techniques are still commonly found in higher education learning environments. This study aimed to analyze the level of basic volleyball passing skills, specifically the overhead pass and underhand pass, among 165 Physical Education students of the Class of 2025 at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a total sampling technique, in which all members of the population were included as research subjects. Data were collected through standardized volleyball skill tests measuring accuracy, ball control, and movement consistency, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that, overall, students’ passing skills were categorized as moderate. Overhead passing obtained an average score of 81.98 and was classified in the good category, with a relatively stable distribution of scores and dominance in the good and moderate categories. In contrast, underhand passing achieved an average score of 76.03, showing greater variation in ability and a dominance of moderate and low categories. These findings indicate that students demonstrate stronger mastery in overhead passing than underhand passing. It can be concluded that Physical Education students possess an adequate foundation in basic volleyball passing skills; however, the mastery of both techniques is not yet optimal or evenly developed. Therefore, more focused, systematic, and balanced training strategies are needed to improve technical consistency and overall volleyball learning quality.