The Physical Condition of Judo Athletes in Malang City

Abstract

Physical condition is a fundamental determinant of performance in judo, particularly in supporting technical execution under high-intensity competitive pressure. Components such as strength, muscular endurance, explosive power, agility, and aerobic capacity play essential roles in maintaining effectiveness during throwing techniques, grip control, and recovery under fatigue. This study aimed to analyze the physical condition profile of judo athletes in Malang City and identify key strengths and weaknesses relevant to competitive readiness. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method using an ex post facto survey design. The subjects consisted of 16 judo athletes from Malang City, comprising 10 male and 6 female athletes. Data were collected through a battery of physical condition tests, including Push-Up, Sit-Up, Wall Sit, Hand Grip Strength, Pull and Push Dynamometer, MD Jump, Illinois Agility Test, and Bleep Test for VO₂max estimation. Data analysis used descriptive statistics involving mean, standard deviation, percentages, and performance categorization. The results showed that the athletes’ overall physical condition was categorized as moderate to good. Male athletes generally demonstrated superior performance in strength, agility, and aerobic endurance, with a mean VO₂max of 39.78 ml/kg/min, compared to 32.33 ml/kg/min in female athletes. Strong performance was observed in grip strength, pulling power, and static leg endurance, supporting Kumikata dominance and postural stability. However, several critical weaknesses were identified, including push-pull strength imbalance, moderate aerobic endurance, and substantial variability in body composition and individual biomotor profiles. It can be concluded that although the athletes possess a sufficient physical foundation, further refinement is needed to meet higher competitive standards. Individualized training interventions focusing on functional strength balance, aerobic conditioning, and nutritional management are recommended to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.