COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga
Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga FIK Universitas Negeri Makassar
The Effect of Cross-Lateral Movement-Based Pencak Silat Training on Improving the Dynamic Balance of Physical Education Students Class of 2023
This study aims to determine the effect of pencak silat training based on cross-lateral movement on improving the dynamic balance of Physical Education students in the 2023 cohort. The study used a quantitative approach with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The research sample consisted of 39 students who took pencak silat classes. The instrument used was a valid and reliable dynamic balance test, with measurements taken at the pre-cycle stage, at the end of cycle I, and at the end of cycle II. The results showed a gradual increase in dynamic balance scores, with a pre-action average score of 42.15 ± 5.21, increasing at the end of cycle I to 48.63 ± 4.82, and increasing again at the end of cycle II to 52.74 ± 4.15. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a very significant difference between pre-intervention and cycle I (t = 7.82; p < 0.001), cycle I and cycle II (t = 5.43; p < 0.001), and pre-intervention and cycle II (t = 11.06; p < 0.001). In addition, the percentage of students who achieved the minimum completion criteria increased from 20.51% in the pre-intervention to 53.85% at the end of cycle I and 79.49% at the end of cycle II. Based on these results, it can be concluded that pencak silat training based on cross-lateral movement has a positive and significant effect on improving the dynamic balance of 2023 Physical Education students, making it effective as a motor learning strategy in pencak silat lectures at universities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Heni Yuli Handayani, Agus Himawan, Haryo Mukti Widodo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review of the Role of Parents in the LFA Padang Women's Futsal Club
This study stems from the issue that some parents are still hesitant to encourage their daughters to pursue futsal because futsal is a dynamic sport with high movement intensity that is perceived to carry a risk of injury. In fact, futsal can be a vehicle for developing interests, character, fitness, and potential achievements for adolescent girls if supported by a positive family environment. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of parents in supporting the participation of female futsal athletes at the LabSchool Futsal Academy (LFA) Padang while providing an empirical basis that futsal should not be seen as a sport that is "unsuitable" for girls. The study used a descriptive quantitative design with a survey approach. The study population was the LFA Padang club, with a sample of 20 parents of female futsal athletes selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a parental role questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive percentage analysis. The results show the distribution of parental role categories as follows: very good 10% (n=2), good 30% (n=6), sufficient 25% (n=5), less than 25% (n=5), and very less than 10% (n=2). These findings indicate that parental support falls on a spectrum, with 40% of respondents in the good-to-very good category, and 35% in the poor-to-very poor category. In conclusion, the role of parents is a crucial factor in the continued interest and talent development of female futsal athletes. Practical implications of this study emphasize the need to strengthen parent-coach communication and education related to coaching and injury prevention to increase family support and ensure sustainable female futsal participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diva Novianensi, Yanuar Kiram, Tjung Hauw Sin, Ikhwanul Arifan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deep Breathing Relaxation and Anxiety of Disabled Archery Athletes in Each Different Division
In the training process, there are various psychological interventions that have been proven to provide benefits to the psychological condition of athletes, one of which is deep breathing relaxation. However, unfortunately, this method is still not widely used by disabled athletes in the archery branch, even though the use of this method can reduce the level of anxiety of disabled athletes in archery. This study aims to test the effectiveness of deep breathing relaxation training in reducing the anxiety level of disabled archery athletes in two divisions, namely National Standard and Compound. An experimental design was used with a pre-test and post-test control group. A total of 20 disabled athletes from the Indonesian National Paralympic Committee were involved in this study to measure changes in anxiety levels before and after deep breathing relaxation training was carried out. The training duration was 2 months, with a training frequency of 3 times a week. The results showed that deep breathing relaxation training significantly reduced anxiety levels. In addition, the National Standard and Compound divisions showed differences in anxiety levels, with the Compound division having lower anxiety levels due to the stability of the assistive devices. In the experimental group, the National Standard and Compound divisions experienced decreased anxiety levels. This study concluded that the application of the deep breathing relaxation method has been proven effective in improving the psychological and physical performance of disabled archers. Therefore, this technique is recommended to be included in a comprehensive training program for archers with disabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nada Nadia Salsabila, Boyke Mulyana, Geraldi Novian (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Plyometric Push-Up Training on Arm Muscle Strength in Junior High School Extracurricular Activities in Mataram
This study investigates the effect of plyometric push-up training on arm muscle strength among junior high school students participating in extracurricular activities. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed involving 30 male students aged 12-15 years from SMP Negeri 1 Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia, equally divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups with normal BMI and no prior upper body injuries. The experimental group underwent structured plyometric push-up training (3 sets × 10 repetitions, progressively increasing, 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks), while the control group received active rest and general sports theory sessions. Arm muscle strength was measured using the 30-second push-up test, validated with Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.87, administered by two independent raters pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis utilized SPSS v26, confirming normality (Shapiro-Wilk p>0.05) and homogeneity (Levene p=0.412). Paired t-test results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group (pre: M=18.47, SD=3.24; post: M=27.27, SD=3.82; t=-10.392, p=0.001, effect size d=2.41), while the control group showed moderate gains (pre: M=17.60, SD=3.41; post: M=19.67, SD=3.54; t=-3.015, p=0.012, d=0.65). Independent t-test confirmed significant between-group differences post-intervention (t=-3.456, p=0.003), with the experimental group achieving 47.8% improvement versus 11.8% in controls
Training; Plyometric; Push-Up; Arm Muscle; Strength
Copyright (c) 2025 Yulfiras Thariqi, Niqsanding Sanrijaya, I Nyoman Sukartidana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Attractiveness of Indonesian Handball Competitions Based on Men’s and Women’s National-Level Multi-Event Games
This study examines the appeal of national-level handball competitions in Indonesia for both men's and women's categories using a comparative descriptive quantitative design. The objective of the study is to analyze the characteristics of the competition more comprehensively, not limited to the final match results, through the use of per-match and time-based performance indicators in three multi-event editions: the 2016 PON IX Exhibition, 2021 PON XX, and 2024 PON XXI. A total sampling technique was applied involving all participating provincial teams (9 provinces and 34 scoring sheets in 2016; 7 provinces and 20 scoring sheets in 2021; and 10 provinces and 28 scoring sheets in 2024). Data were collected through analysis of official match scoring sheets and reorganized into five research indicators: Goals For/Match, Goals Against/Match, Goals Difference/Match, Goals For/Minute, and Goals Against/Minute. The analysis was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method by grouping data based on category and championship edition and calculating total and average scores. The results of this study indicate that the attractiveness of a competition is determined not only by the balance of match results but also by the intensity of the score, the tempo of the game, and the variation in performance between teams. High scoring productivity, fast tempo of the game, and large goal differences shape the character of the competition in each edition and reflect the dynamics of the development of national handball development. These findings emphasize the importance of a multidimensional approach in competition evaluation and have implications for sports policy, competition management, and athlete development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irfan Benizar Lesmana, Yunyun Yudiana, Dhika Bayu Mahardika, Setio Nugroho (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internalization of Character Values ​​Based on Local Wisdom in Karate
This study aims to understand the process of internalizing character values based on Sundanese local wisdom, known as Pancawaluya: cageur, bageur, bener, pinter, and singer in karate. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study design. The data analysis technique used in this study is the interactive model by Miles & Huberman, which includes: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling. The data collection techniques used in this research include interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that the value of cageur is implemented through instilling discipline in physical training, hard work, and a healthy lifestyle. The value of bageur is manifested through habituating social care, humility, environmental awareness, and preserving local culture. The value of bener is reflected in religious habituation, honesty, courage, justice, sportsmanship, and love of the homeland. The value of pinter is implemented by developing an intelligent, wise, and creative character. The value of the singer is implemented by fostering integrity, responsiveness, agility, and responsibility in students. The internalization of character values based on local wisdom in karate practice can strengthen the moral, social, spiritual, and national dimensions of karate practitioners. Thus, karate is not only positioned as a sport for achievement but also as a character education vehicle that aligns with the cultural values of the nation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mirwan Aji Soleh, Gaharani Saraswati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technology Utilization in Tennis Coaching Clinics to Improve Beginners' Basic Tennis Skills
The rapid advancement of sports science and digital technology has transformed contemporary tennis coaching, particularly in the development of fundamental technical skills for beginner athletes. This study aims to analyze the utilization of technology in tennis coaching clinics to enhance basic tennis skills, with a specific focus on serve and forehand techniques. A qualitative literature review method was employed by systematically examining peer-reviewed scientific articles, academic books, and authoritative scholarly sources published between 2015 and 2025. The reviewed literature encompasses studies in tennis biomechanics, motor learning, video-based feedback, wearable sensors, and artificial intelligence–assisted motion analysis. The findings indicate that technology-based tools, such as video analysis and AI-driven motion tracking systems, provide objective, accurate, and visually interpretable feedback that significantly accelerates the acquisition and correction of fundamental tennis techniques. These technologies enable detailed identification of movement errors across key stroke phases, improve posture and intersegmental coordination, and support the development of efficient and safe movement patterns among beginner athletes. Empirical evidence also suggests that technology-assisted feedback reduces the persistence of repetitive technical errors and enhances athletes’ cognitive understanding of biomechanical principles underlying effective stroke execution. In addition to technical benefits, the use of technology has been shown to positively influence motivation and learning engagement by allowing athletes to visually track their progress and performance improvements. Nevertheless, the implementation of technology in tennis coaching clinics faces practical challenges, including limited infrastructure, high equipment costs, and varying levels of technological competence among coaches. Therefore, this study recommends a hybrid coaching model that integrates traditional training methods with context-appropriate technological support as the most feasible and sustainable approach for tennis development, particularly within the Indonesian coaching environment.
Tennis Coaching Clinic; Sport Technology; Video Analysis; Motion Tracking; Beginner Skill Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurafni Pribadi, Frien Dona Banjarnahor, Shofia Febriana, Novando Marcellino, Filyno Anthony Zebua, Ahmad Amin Nasution, Nurkadri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Standardization Of Physical Fitness Assessment Based On The Independent Curriculum: Scoping Review Of The Physical Education Instrument
This study aims to examine the standardization and effectiveness of locally contextualized physical fitness assessment instruments within physical education, particularly in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum (Merdeka Curriculum). The urgency of this scoping review arises from persistent limitations in current fitness assessment practices, which often lack adequate validity, reliability, and contextual relevance to students’ real-life conditions. The misalignment between standardized assessment tools and local socio-cultural contexts has frequently resulted in inaccurate interpretations of students’ physical fitness levels and reduced educational impact. This study employed a qualitative scoping review design, systematically analyzing scholarly literature from accredited national and international journals, conference proceedings, academic books, and policy-related documents published within the last decade. Data were analyzed using content analysis, encompassing stages of data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and synthesis to identify dominant patterns, methodological trends, and empirical outcomes related to physical fitness assessment in physical education. The findings indicate that local context-based fitness assessment models consistently demonstrate superior effectiveness compared to conventional approaches. Empirical evidence synthesized across studies shows an average 30% improvement in students’ physical fitness, markedly higher than the 10% improvement associated with traditional assessment methods. The most significant gains were observed in cardiovascular endurance (34%) and agility, reflecting the influence of authentic, contextually relevant physical activities. Moreover, approximately 85% of students exhibited increased intrinsic motivation and learning engagement, underscoring the critical role of affective dimensions and structured feedback in assessment practices. In conclusion, locally contextualized physical fitness assessment instruments represent a strategic and evidence-based alternative for enhancing the quality of physical education. These findings provide a robust foundation for educators and policymakers to develop valid, relevant, and meaningful assessment frameworks aligned with the goals of the Independent Curriculum in fostering a healthy, adaptive, and competitive generation.
Physical Fitness Assessment; Independent Curriculum; Physical Education; Local Context; Scoping Review
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardiansyah Setiawan, Andi. Muh. Dzakwan mangawiang, Ega Pangalingan, Zulkifli, Fadli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Y-Balance Test And Its Relationship To Dynamic Balance And Injury Risk: Literature Review
This study aims to systematically examine the relationship between the Y-Balance Test (YBT) and dynamic balance and injury risk through a qualitative approach using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design. Twenty-five national and international articles published between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed using PRISMA guidelines as the basis for the analysis. The study results indicate that the YBT is a reliable instrument for assessing dynamic balance, detecting interlimb asymmetry, and evaluating responses to various training interventions such as core stability, proprioception, and corrective exercises in special populations. However, the YBT's predictive validity for injury risk varies due to sample characteristics, sport type, biomechanical factors, and differences in testing methodology. The synthesis also confirms that YBT scores are influenced by anthropometric factors, leg muscle strength, playing position, and clinical conditions such as flat feet and chronic low back pain. Therefore, interpretation of the results must be contextualized and not generalized. Furthermore, a comparison of the YBT and SEBT indicates that they cannot be used interchangeably due to differences in procedures and movement kinematics. Therefore, a multifactorial approach to injury risk assessment and standardization of YBT implementation are needed to improve evaluation accuracy. Further research is recommended, focusing on longitudinal studies to test the long-term predictive validity and the integration of YBT with other biomechanical parameters in the context of injury prevention and sports coaching.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aski Tenri Pakkua, Fhadil Nugraha , Ukhwanul Atmawan Mantika, Bahtiar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Traditional Tug of War Game in Improving Arm Muscle Strength of Elementary School Students at SD Telkom Makassar
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the traditional tug of war game in improving arm muscle strength among elementary school students at SD Telkom Makassar. A quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest control group was employed, involving 60 students divided into experimental and control groups of 30 students each. The experimental group participated in tug of war activities twice weekly for eight weeks, while the control group engaged in conventional physical education exercises. Arm muscle strength was measured using a hand dynamometer before and after the intervention period. The results demonstrated that the experimental group showed a significant increase in arm muscle strength with a mean difference of 8.73 kg (p < 0.001), while the control group exhibited a minimal improvement of 1.54 kg. The effect size analysis revealed a large Cohen's d value of 1.24, indicating substantial practical significance. These findings suggest that traditional tug of war games are an effective and engaging approach to enhance arm muscle strength in elementary school children, offering an alternative method to conventional physical education programs.[ The study concludes that integration of traditional games into school physical education curriculum can provide both physical benefits and cultural preservation.
Traditional Tug; Game; Arm Muscle Strength; Students
Copyright (c) 2025 Awaluddin Bahar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Active Lifestyle and Nutritional Habits of Pencak Silat Athletes: A Review
An active lifestyle and nutritional habits are fundamental components in supporting the performance of Pencak Silat athletes, a highly physically demanding martial art. This study aimed to conduct a literature review of 18 studies published between 2015 and 2024 to map the relationship between nutritional intake, body composition, hydration, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors on athlete performance. The research method used a literature review design with data search through the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases. The analysis results showed that most athletes still experience energy deficits and imbalances in macronutrient intake, while nutritional knowledge is relatively low. Body composition, especially muscle mass and fat percentage, plays a crucial role in determining strength, speed, and technical skills. Hydration status is also a critical issue, as rapid weight loss practices (weight cutting) cause dehydration and decrease cognitive function and performance. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as sleep quality, recovery, and unsupervised supplement use also affect training adaptability. This study concluded that a holistic approach is needed in developing Pencak Silat athletes, including nutrition education, hydration management, nutritional periodization, and regular body composition monitoring. Further research using longitudinal and interventional designs is recommended to strengthen the evidence for causality and generate more applicable nutritional guidelines.
Pencak Silat; Sports Nutrition; Body Composition; Athlete Hydration Active Lifestyle.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nukhrawi Nawir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Karate into Physical Education Programs: Curriculum Management, Safety, and Inclusivity
This study aims to examine the potential for integrating karate into Physical Education programs through a systematic review of 10 studies published between 2015 and 2024. The study was conducted to understand how karate can support curriculum management, training safety, and inclusive education in schools. The methods used were a literature review with a PRISMA-based selection process, thematic analysis, and narrative synthesis to identify patterns of findings across various research contexts. The results indicate that karate contributes significantly to improving physical fitness, basic motor skills, and character development in students, including discipline, self-control, and mental resilience. Karate is also considered capable of supporting inclusive education when delivered with modifications in technique and intensity to suit student needs. However, the implementation of karate in Physical Education faces several obstacles, such as a lack of skilled instructors, limited facilities, and inadequate attention to safety aspects. Overall, these findings confirm that karate has high pedagogical value and is worthy of integration into the Physical Education curriculum. However, such integration must be accompanied by systematic curriculum development, teacher training, the provision of safe facilities, and ongoing evaluation to optimally achieve learning objectives. This study provides a conceptual and practical basis for schools and policy makers to design effective and safe karate implementation in formal education contexts.
Karate; Physical Education; Curriculum; Training Safety; Inclusivity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sudirman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Managing a School Table Tennis Club: Structure, Coach Role, and Parental Involvement
This study aims to analyze and synthesize scientific findings related to the management of school table tennis clubs, focusing on three main components: the club's organizational structure, the role of the coach, and parental involvement. This study employed a literature review design, examining 15 articles published between 2015 and 2024 that were relevant to the context of school sports development. The analysis revealed that a clear and documented organizational structure is the primary foundation for creating an effective and sustainable training program. The role of the coach emerged as the most influential variable, requiring coaches to master not only the technical aspects of the game but also pedagogical skills, interpersonal communication skills, and the provision of constructive feedback. Other findings revealed that parental involvement significantly contributes to student motivation, commitment to training, and retention in club activities. Adaptive parental support has been shown to strengthen students' emotional connection to the sport and increase participation in extracurricular activities. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating these three components in establishing a holistic and effective coaching ecosystem. In conclusion, managing school table tennis clubs requires a collaborative management model based on the school, coach, and parent as a strategy to improve the quality of sports development in formal educational settings.
School Table Tennis; Sports Club Management; The Role of Coaches; Parental Involvement; Student Sports Coaching
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurliati Syamsuddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tennis Court Facility Management: Maintenance, Utilization, and Safety
This study aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review on tennis court facility management, focusing on three main aspects: maintenance, utilization, and user safety. Through a literature review, 20 articles published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed using the PRISMA approach to examine the quality of court physical maintenance, facility utilization optimization, and injury risk mitigation practices. The study results indicate that surface maintenance, including routine cleaning, crack repair, and improved drainage, is a key factor in maintaining court durability. Regarding utilization, systematic scheduling and regulating usage intensity can reduce wear and tear and improve facility efficiency. Meanwhile, user safety is significantly affected by surface conditions, lighting, and court level, with most injuries associated with slippery or uneven surfaces. The study also found that key challenges in facility management include budget constraints, a lack of trained personnel, and inconsistent implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs) across institutions. The use of modern technologies such as surface sensors, humidity monitoring devices, and digital-based facility management systems are key recommendations for improving maintenance effectiveness. The findings in this study are expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions for sports facility managers, especially tennis courts, in designing more efficient, safe and sustainable management strategies.
Tennis courts; Facility maintenance; Utilization; User safety; Facility management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abradi Muhara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Physical Education, Sports And Health Towards Learning Motivation And Academic Achievement Students
Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) is an integral component of the national education system that aims not only to enhance students’ physical fitness but also to support their psychological, emotional, and social development. In recent educational discourse, PJOK has increasingly been recognized for its potential contribution to learning motivation and academic achievement through structured physical activity and character-based learning experiences. This study aims to analyze the effect of PJOK on students’ learning motivation and academic achievement at SMAN 2 Pasangkayu. This research employed a quantitative approach using a simple linear regression design to examine the relationship between PJOK as the independent variable and learning motivation and academic achievement as dependent variables. The population and sample consisted of 20 students from SMAN 2 Pasangkayu, selected using a quota sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire to measure learning motivation and students’ report card scores to represent academic achievement. Primary data were obtained directly from the research subjects and analyzed using statistical procedures. The results indicate that PJOK has a positive influence on both learning motivation and academic achievement. This finding is supported by the regression analysis, which yielded a significance value (Sig.) of 0.618, indicating that the alternative hypothesis was accepted according to the established statistical criteria. These results suggest that PJOK contributes not only to physical fitness improvement but also to fostering positive learning attitudes, enjoyment, and readiness to engage in academic activities. Consequently, optimizing PJOK implementation through engaging teaching strategies and adequate school facilities is recommended to maximize its holistic educational impact.
Physical Education; Learning Motivation; Academic Achievement; Students; Secondary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Ical, Andi Saparia, Didik Purwanto, Muh. Saldi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Validity of the Sit and Reach Test for Hamstring and Low Back Flexibility: A Systematic Review
The sit-and-reach test has been used extensively since its introduction in 1952 as a standard field-based assessment of hamstring and lower back flexibility. Despite its widespread application in physical education, sports training, and clinical settings, the construct validity of this test remains controversial in contemporary scientific literature, particularly when evaluated against objective biomechanical standards. This study aimed to regularly analyze and synthesize empirical evidence regarding the validity of the sit-and-reach test in measuring hamstring and lower back flexibility and to identify key factors contributing to variability in reported validity outcomes. A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2021 and 2025. Six high-quality quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of a total sample of 476 participants. Methodological quality was evaluated using a validated assessment tool, and findings were synthesized narratively due to study heterogeneity. The synthesis revealed that the validity of the sit-and-reach test is problematic, with consistently very low GRADE scores across studies. Correlations between sit-and-reach scores and objective isokinetic measures of hamstring function were only fair (r = 0.330–0.449), accounting for approximately 11–20% of the variance. Performance outcomes reflect a complex interaction of thoracic and lumbar spine mobility, hip flexion, and compensatory lower-extremity movements rather than isolated hamstring or lower back flexibility. Variations in validity were influenced by gender differences, testing protocols, and methodological rigor. Strong empirical evidence indicates that the sit-and-reach test lacks sufficient validity for specifically measuring hamstring and lower back flexibility in healthy adult populations, highlighting the need for more anatomically specific and biomechanically grounded assessment tools.
Sit and Reach Test; Flexibility Assessment; Hamstring Flexibility; Low Back Flexibility; Measurement Validity
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Kamaruddin, Acep Nasyarullah Arsyad, Baharuddin, Muh. Fatih Zulfikar Firman, Hasnullah (Author); Al Ihksanul Muhabbah (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Levels and Life Skills Among Students of SMP State 4 Garut
This study aims to examine and analyze the correlation between the level of physical fitness and life skills among students at SMP Negeri 4 Garut. Life skills are a fundamental aspect of human development, influenced by various factors, including physical condition and health. This quantitative research, employing a correlational approach, utilized a purposive sampling technique to determine the sample. Physical fitness data was measured using the Bleep Test, while life skills data was collected via a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and correlation tests. The findings indicate that the students' physical fitness level was predominantly in the "moderate" category, while their life skills were classified as "good." The correlation test revealed a weak but significant positive coefficient. This finding suggests a directional relationship between the two variables: the higher the students' level of physical fitness, the better their life skills ability. Therefore, this study concludes that physical fitness plays a crucial role as a positive supporting factor in the development of students' life skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iqra Chandra, Z. Arifin, Asep Angga Permadi (Author); Azhar Ramdhana Sonjaya (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Leg Muscle Power And Dollyo Chagi Kick Ability In Taekwondo Athletes of The Dekade Club of Bekasi City
This study aimed to determine the relationship between leg muscle power and Dollyo Chagi kicking ability among members of the Taekwondo Dekade Club in Bekasi City. The study population consisted of all active club members, with a sample of 30 participants drawn using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using the Vertical Jump Test to measure leg muscle power and the Dollyo Chagi Kick Test to measure kicking ability. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, as well as the Pearson Product-Moment Correlations Test using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the normality test indicated that both variables were normally distributed (Vertical Jump Test: Kolmogorov-Smirnov Sig. = 0.076; Shapiro-Wilk Sig. = 0.278; Dollyo Chagi Kick Test: Kolmogorov-Smirnov Sig. = 0.096; Shapiro-Wilk Sig. = 0.367). The results of the hypothesis test showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.583 with a significance level of 0.001 (p < 0.01), indicating a significant positive relationship with moderate strength between leg muscle power and Dollyo Chagi kicking ability. The coefficient of determination (r²) = 0.340 or 34%, meaning that 34% of Dollyo Chagi kicking ability is influenced by leg muscle power, while 66% is influenced by other factors. There is a positive and significant relationship with moderate strength between leg muscle power and Dollyo Chagi kicking ability among members of the Taekwondo Dekade Club in Bekasi City. Leg muscle power contributes 34% to the success of a Dollyo Chagi kick.
Leg Muscle; Power; Dollyo Chagi Kick; Taekwondo; Athletes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ryan Rasyid Al Fikri, Qorry Armen Gemael, Deden Akbar Izzuddin, R. Retna Kinanti Dewi, Habibi Hadi Wijaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Agility and Eye–Foot Coordination as Predictors of Layup Performance in Beginner Basketball Players
This study examined the relationship between agility, eye–foot coordination, and layup performance among beginner basketball athletes. A quantitative correlational design was employed involving a sample of novice players selected through purposive sampling. Agility was measured using the Illinois Agility Test, eye–foot coordination was assessed through the Eye–Foot Coordination Test, and layup performance was evaluated using a standardized layup skill assessment. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression to determine both individual and combined contributions of the variables. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between agility and layup performance, indicating that athletes with higher agility demonstrated better control, balance, and directional movement during layup execution. Eye–foot coordination also showed a strong and significant correlation with layup performance, suggesting that perceptual–motor integration plays a critical role in timing, rhythm, and accuracy during the layup. Multiple regression results further indicated that both agility and eye–foot coordination collectively contributed significantly to layup performance, with coordination emerging as the stronger predictor. Overall, the study highlights the importance of developing foundational motor skills in beginner basketball athletes. Training programs should integrate agility drills and coordination-based activities to enhance movement efficiency and support the mastery of layup techniques. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on motor abilities and basketball skill performance, providing practical implications for coaches, trainers, and physical education practitioners
Agility; Eye-Foot Coordination; Lay Up Performance; Basketball; Beginner Athletes
Copyright (c) 2025 Awaluddin, M. Rachmat Kasmad, Ishak Bachtiar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Portrait of Student Physical Activity: A Descriptive Study on Indonesia
Physical activity is a key component of maintaining adolescent health, yet global monitoring indicates that more than 80% of adolescents fail to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of engaging in at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity each day. This issue is particularly concerning in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, where only about 20–25% of adolescents achieve the recommended levels, with a declining trend observed in the post-pandemic period. This topic is important to investigate because adolescence is a critical stage for developing long-term healthy lifestyle habits, while physical inactivity increases the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and reduced physical fitness. This study aims to portray the physical activity patterns of students in Indonesia and contextualize the findings within national and regional frameworks by drawing comparisons with broader conditions in Indonesia. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review design was employed, analyzing school documents such as curricula and extracurricular activity programs, alongside national scientific and surveillance literature published between 2015 and 2025. A reflective thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns, barriers, and enabling factors. The findings indicate that limited sports facilities, the dominance of academic and religious curricula, and socio-cultural norms serve as major barriers to students’ physical activity. On the other hand, support from physical education teachers, community engagement, and family involvement were identified as key facilitators. The study concludes that innovative school- and community-based strategies are essential to increase student participation in physical activity in schools with limited resources, while providing relevant comparative insights for Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia
Physical Activity; Students; High School; Descriptive Study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Muchlisin Natas Pasaribu, Satri Dwi Kurnia Nasution (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between The Intensity of Gadget And Online Game Use And The Motor Skills of MTs Students
This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of gadget and online game use and the motor skills of MTs students. The increasing use of digital devices among adolescents raises concerns regarding reduced physical activity and its potential impact on motor development. This research employed a quantitative correlational method with a cross-sectional approach involving 71 students selected through purposive sampling from MTs Laboratorium UIN Jambi. Data were collected using validated questionnaires on gadget-use intensity and online game intensity, along with motor skill tests consisting of shuttle run, ball-throwing coordination, and one-leg balance assessments. The results showed that 45% of students were categorized as having low motor skills, 35% moderate, and only 20% high. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between gadget-use intensity and motor skills (r = –0.42; p < 0.05), as well as between online game intensity and motor skills (r = –0.39; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that higher gadget and online game use are associated with lower levels of agility, coordination, and balance among students. In conclusion, the study highlights that excessive screen-based activity may reduce opportunities for physical movement, thereby inhibiting optimal motor development. The results emphasize the importance of regulating gadget and online game use both at home and in school settings to support students’ physical and motor growth.
Gadget Use; Online Games; Motor Skills; MTs Students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mhd. Farel N Agustiansyah, Ugi Nugraha, Wawan Junresti Daya, Ilham, Ely Yuliawan, Anggel Hardi Yanto, Yonifia Anjanika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Physical Activities of Student Gadget Users: Literature Study
This study aims to describe the physical activity of students who use gadgets through an analysis of three related scientific articles. Increased gadget use has the potential to reduce students' physical activity and fitness. This study uses a literature study approach by searching various scientific sources through Google Scholar using the keyword "physical activity of gadget users." From the search results, three scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 were obtained and deemed relevant to the research focus. The three articles were analyzed in depth to examine the research methods, findings, and implications of the relationship between gadget use and physical activity in students. The results of the study indicate that a high duration of gadget use is correlated with low physical activity in students, while good management of gadget use time has an impact on more optimal physical activity. This study emphasizes the importance of efforts to regulate technology use to prevent the reduction of students' health and physical fitness.
Physical Activity; Gadget Users Students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Nuramalia, Endarman Saputra, Mohd. Adrizal, Ilham, Ely Yuliawan, Yonifia Anjanika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of Sports Talent of Grade VIII Students, Jambi City State Middle School 22
This study aims to identify the sports talents of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 22, Jambi City, and to map sports that suit their potential. This study used a quantitative research design with a survey method. The study population was all 215 eighth-grade students. Through random sampling techniques, a sample of 15% of the population, or 28 students, was determined. The results showed that there were 17 students who had potential or talent in sports. The findings also confirmed that around 13 years of age is a more appropriate age limit for identifying sports talent, because ages 6–12 are still in the childhood phase, which is the initial stage of introduction to physical activity and sports. Overall, this study concluded that eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 22, Jambi City, have a tendency to be talented in seven sports, namely football, volleyball, race walking, sepak takraw, gymnastics, table tennis, and boxing. These results can be a basis for schools in developing more targeted sports achievement coaching and development programs that are in accordance with students' potential.
Identification; Talent; Sports; Student.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Zaki Iqomulhaq, Ilham, Grafitte Decheline, Yonifia Anjanika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Physical Education in Mitigating the Risk of Obesity in School Children: A Meta-Analytic Review
Childhood obesity has emerged as a critical public health concern worldwide, with schools increasingly recognized as strategic environments for preventive interventions. This meta-analytic review examines the role of physical education (PE) in mitigating obesity risk among school-aged children by synthesizing evidence from 20 national and international studies published between 2015 and 2025. Data were drawn from multiple scholarly databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Sinta, and Garuda. A structured search strategy and PRISMA-guided selection process yielded 20 eligible studies, 12 of which provided sufficient data for effect size calculations. The findings reveal that PE contributes significantly to improving key health outcomes, including reductions in body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) gains, and notable improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. Behavioral and psychological indicators—such as motivation, self-efficacy, and physical literacy—also improved, suggesting that PE influences both physiological and behavioral pathways associated with obesity risk. While effect sizes ranged from small to moderate, the consistency of positive outcomes across diverse intervention types highlights PE’s essential role in school-based health promotion. The review emphasizes that PE is most effective when implemented frequently, delivered by trained educators, and supported by engaging, student-centred pedagogies such as game-based learning and fitness-oriented instruction. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing quality PE in educational policies and practices as a scalable, accessible, and sustainable strategy to combat childhood obesity and promote lifelong healthy behaviors.
Physical Education; Childhood Obesity; School-Based Intervention; Physical Activity; Meta-Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syahruddin, Muhammad Syahrul Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Review on Tennis-Based Physical Education Learnin
This study is a literature review aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of tennis-based physical education learning in a school context. The literature search was conducted through the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, DOAJ, SINTA, and Garuda databases, spanning 2015–2025. A total of 70 articles were identified, 35 articles were screened through titles and abstracts, and 15 articles met the eligibility criteria for analysis using the PRISMA approach. Thematic analysis was used to group the findings based on motor skills, tactical understanding, learning motivation, equipment modifications, and curriculum relevance. The review results indicate that game-based learning models such as Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and game-based learning consistently improve students' coordination skills, decision-making, physical engagement, and interest. Equipment modifications such as mini-tennis and foam balls have been shown to significantly facilitate the learning process, especially in schools with limited facilities. In general, tennis is an effective, flexible, and suitable sport for implementation in modern physical education learning. However, gaps were found in the lack of research in the Indonesian context and the minimal integration of technology in learning. This review recommends the need for experimental research and development of innovative tennis-based learning models to improve the effectiveness of physical education learning in schools.
Tennis; Physical Education; TGFU; Game-Based Learning; Sports Learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hikmad Hakim, Tri Angriawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Swimming Pool Facilities and Infrastructure Needs to Support Effective and Safe Physical Education Learning in Schools
This study aims to analyze the need for swimming pool facilities and infrastructure to support effective and safe Physical Education (Penjas) learning at Makassar State School 3. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach with survey, observation, and interview techniques, involving 20 respondents consisting of Penjas teachers, education staff, and students. The results of the study indicate that the overall level of adequacy of swimming pool facilities and infrastructure only reached 44%, which indicates inadequate conditions. The physical condition of the swimming pool is in the moderate category with a percentage of 66%, but the water quality and circulation system are still below standard. The availability of swimming learning facilities such as float boards, kickboards, and lane ropes is considered low with an average of only 52%, while safety facilities are in the most critical condition with adequacy of 18%, including the lack of lifeguards, safety signs, and emergency SOPs. Non-technical supporting facilities such as changing rooms, rinse rooms, and toilets are also at a moderate level of adequacy, namely 42%. These findings indicate that school swimming pool facilities and infrastructure do not support safe, effective, and sustainable swimming instruction. Therefore, strategic planning is needed to improve infrastructure, equip learning aids, and enhance safety systems to ensure optimal quality of physical education instruction.
Infrastructure; Swimming Pool; Swimming Safety; Physical Education; Needs Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Valentino Latuheru (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experimental Study of the Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model in Basketball Learning on Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to analyze the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' critical thinking skills in basketball lessons at SMA Negeri 5 Makassar. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group pattern involving 40 students, consisting of 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The instrument used was a critical thinking ability test based on the context of a basketball game. The results showed that the experimental group, who received PBL learning, experienced a significant increase in their critical thinking scores, from an average pretest score of 56.40 to 82.75 on the posttest, a difference of 26.35 points. Meanwhile, the control group, which received conventional learning, only experienced an increase from 55.85 to 68.10, a difference of 12.25 points. Paired sample t-test analysis showed significant improvement in both groups, but the experimental group's improvement was significantly greater (t = 12.85; p = 0.000) than the control group's (t = 6.14; p = 0.000). The independent sample t-test results showed a significant difference in critical thinking skills improvement between the experimental and control groups (t = 7.21; p = 0.000). The effect size value of 2.15 indicates that the influence of the PBL model is categorized as very large. Thus, this study confirms that the PBL model is an effective learning approach in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in the context of sports learning based on problem-solving and tactical analysis of games.
Problem Based Learning; Critical Thinking Skills; Basketball; Physical Education Learning; Experiments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ishak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Discovery Learning and Problem-Based Learning Models in Volleyball-Based Physical Education Learning
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning (DL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) models in improving basic volleyball technical skills in students at SMP Negeri 2 Makassar. The study used a quasi-experimental design with two treatment groups, each consisting of 20 students. The measurement instrument was a basic technical skills test covering underhand passing, overhand passing, and serving. Data analysis was conducted using paired sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests, and effect size calculations. The results showed that both learning models significantly improved basic volleyball technical skills (p < 0.05). In the Discovery Learning group, the average score increased from 14.85 in the pretest to 22.30 in the posttest, a difference of 7.45 points. Meanwhile, the PBL group experienced a greater improvement, from a pretest average of 15.10 to 25.15 in the posttest, a difference of 10.05 points. An intergroup comparison using an independent sample t-test yielded a p-value of 0.003, indicating a significant difference in improvement between the two learning models. The effect size also confirmed this result, with PBL having a stronger effect with d = 2.03 (very large), while DL achieved d = 1.56 (large). Overall, this study concluded that while both models were effective, Problem-Based Learning was superior in improving basic volleyball technical skills. These findings recommend the implementation of PBL as a relevant alternative learning model in physical education at the junior high school level.
Problem Based Learning; Discovery Learning; Basic Volleyball Techniques; Physical Education; Quasi-Experimental
Copyright (c) 2025 Sahabuddin, M. Imran Hasanuddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Heavy Bag Thrust And Battle Rope Exercise On Arm Muscle Power And Shot Put Results of Female Shot Put Athletes Dumpang Athletics Club 2025
This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of heavy bag thrust and battle rope exercises on arm muscle strength and shot put performance in female athletes from the Dumpang Athletics Club. This is important because it could contribute to the advancement of science and technology in Indonesian sports, ultimately improving athlete performance. The approach used was an experimental design with a single-group pre-test and post-test. Eight athletes participated in six weeks of training sessions. Their performance was assessed before and after training to gauge the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed a significant increase in arm muscle strength, as evidenced by the calculated t-value (11.729), which was greater than the t-value (1.895). The same increase was also seen in shot put performance, where the calculated t-value (11.336) was higher than the t-value (1.895), with both results at the 0.05 significance level. It can be concluded that the combination of heavy bag thrust and battle rope exercises significantly increased arm muscle strength and shot put performance in athletes. It is hoped that the results of this study will be a consideration for coaches and clubs in designing more effective training programs to improve athletes' basic abilities.
Heavy Bag Thrust; Battle Rope; Exercise ; Arm Muscle Power; Shot Put.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dion Manihuruk, David Siahaan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of 400 M Interval Training on Increasing VO₂Max Endurance in Pencak Silat Athletes in South Sulawesi
This study aims to examine the effect of 400-meter interval training on improving VO₂Max endurance in Pencak Silat athletes in South Sulawesi. VO₂Max is a key indicator of aerobic capacity and plays a crucial role in sustaining high-intensity movements required in Pencak Silat performance. A total of 20 athletes participated in this study, using a pretest–posttest experimental design. VO₂Max measurements were conducted using the Beep Test to evaluate changes before and after the training intervention. The descriptive analysis showed an increase in the athletes’ VO₂Max from a pretest mean of 40.53 to a posttest mean of 45.21. The Shapiro–Wilk normality test indicated that both pretest and posttest data were normally distributed (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the paired sample t-test revealed a significant improvement in VO₂Max following the 400-meter interval training program (t = 94.50, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the interval training model effectively enhances the athletes’ aerobic capacity. In conclusion, the 400-meter interval training program has a significant positive impact on improving VO₂Max endurance in Pencak Silat athletes in South Sulawesi. The findings suggest that this training method can be recommended as an effective component of conditioning programs to enhance athlete performance in high-intensity combat sports.
400 M Interval; Training; VO₂Max; Endurance; Pencak Silat
Copyright (c) 2025 Muslim Bin Ilyas (Author); Andi Sahrul Jahrir (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0