The Influence of the Base Aerobic Running Training Method in Facing the Physical Fitness Test in the Indonesian National Police Recruitment Selection
Keywords:
Base Aerobic Running; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Physical Fitness Test; Police Recruitment Selection; Aerobic Endurance Training.Abstract
Physical fitness is a fundamental determinant of health and physical performance, particularly in professions requiring high levels of physical endurance such as the military and police. Aerobic-based training plays a crucial role in enhancing cardiorespiratory capacity and sustaining physical performance under demanding conditions. In Indonesia, the physical fitness test—especially the 12-minute running test used to assess cardiovascular endurance—is a mandatory component of the Indonesian National Police (POLRI) recruitment selection process. However, many candidates experience difficulties in meeting the minimum standards, indicating the need for an effective and structured aerobic training approach. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Base Aerobic Running training method on physical performance in candidates preparing for the POLRI physical fitness test. An experimental method with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design was employed. The sample consisted of 20 male candidates participating in a structured physical training program at Polres Garut. Cardiovascular endurance was measured using the 12-minute running test. The training intervention was conducted twice per week for 12 weeks following progressive overload principles. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test after confirming normal data distribution. The results demonstrated a substantial improvement in participants’ running performance, with the mean distance increasing from 1840 meters at pretest to 2072 meters at posttest, yielding a gain of 232 meters. The paired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (t(19) = −27.771; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the Base Aerobic Running training method has a significant positive effect on improving 12-minute running performance. These findings support the application of structured aerobic base training as an effective strategy for enhancing aerobic endurance and physical readiness among candidates in the Indonesian National Police recruitment selection.
References
Amaral, J. A. do, & Santos, A. M. P. V. dos. (2021). Physical performance of military personnel before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Do Esporte, 43(July). https://doi.org/10.1590/rbce.43.e003221
Amaral, P. C., & Santos, A. R. (2021). Physical fitness assessment and aerobic endurance performance in police candidates. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(5), 2567–2574. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.05345
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6th ed.). Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com/products/periodization-6th-edition
Bonneau, J., & Brown, J. (1995). Physical ability, fitness and police work. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine, 2, 157–164.
Bouley, C. (2023). Comparison of Aerobic Base Training and High Intensity Race Pace Training for Cross-Country Runners: A Challenge of Tradition [St Cloud State University]. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/pess_etds/15
Bouley, A. S. (2023). Aerobic base training as a foundation for tactical and occupational fitness. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 45(4), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000734
Cooper, K. H. (2013). The aerobics program for total well-being. Bantam Books. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/258947.The_Aerobics_Program_for_Total_Well_Being
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-design/book255675
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Faria, E. W., Parker, D. L., & Faria, I. E. (2024). The science of aerobic fitness and endurance performance. Sports Medicine, 54(2), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01892-1
Faria, P. A., Santos, V., & Massuça, L. M. (2024). Predictive Role of Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Police Officers’ Work Assessment. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(2), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14020020
Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/discovering-statistics-using-ibm-spss-statistics/book292505
Filipas, L., Martin, K., Northey, J. M., La Torre, A., Keegan, R., & Rattray, B. (2020). A 4-week endurance training program improves tolerance to mental exertion in untrained individuals. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(12), 1215–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.020
Garg, S. (2025). The Importance of Physical Fitness and Health for Soldiers: The Role of Military Doctors. Universal Research Reports, 12(2), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.36676/urr.v12.i2.1511
Hellsten, Y., & Nyberg, M. (2015). Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training. Comprehensive Physiology, 6(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c140080
Hofmann, P., & Tschakert, G. (2011). Intensity- and duration-based aerobic exercise prescription. Sports Medicine, 41(10), 803–823. https://doi.org/10.2165/11591430-000000000-00000
Hofmann, P., & Tschakert, G. (2011). Special Needs to Prescribe Exercise Intensity for Scientific Studies. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2011(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/209302
Karvonen, M. J., & Vuorimaa, T. (1988). Heart rate and exercise intensity during sports activities. Sports Medicine, 5(5), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198805050-00002
Lesinski, M., Prieske, O., & Granacher, U. (2016). Effects and dose–response relationships of resistance training on physical performance in youth athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(13), 781–795. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095497
Marins, E. F., David, G. B., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2019). Characterization of the Physical Fitness of Police Officers: A Systematic Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(10), 2860–2874. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003177
Marins, E. F., David, G. B., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2019). Characterization of physical fitness profiles in police officers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(3), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08407-8
Marsuna, Hudain, M. A., & Heriansyah. (2024). Aerobic training as an approach to increasing VO2max in amateur football athletes. Journal Sport Area, 9(2), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2024.vol9(2).15338
Marsuna, M., Pratama, A., & Hidayat, S. (2024). The effect of aerobic base training on VO₂max improvement in young adults. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 24(1), 45–53. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpes
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
Ramadhan, F. (2022). Aerobic endurance training and running performance improvement. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(4), 640–647. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100420
Ramadhan, P. (2022). Pengaruh Latihan Continuous Running Terhadap Peningkatan Vo2max Atlet Porprov Bola Tangan Kabupaten Gresik. Keshatan Olahraga, 10(2), 191–198.
Ridwan, A. (2024). Pengembangan Metode Program Interval Training. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Rodrigues Barbosa, R., Perrier Melo, R. J., De Brito Gomes, J. L., De Sá Pereira Guimarães, F. J., & Da Cunha Costa, M. (2024). Effect of aerobic training volume on VO2max and time trial of runners. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 19(4), 1139–1150. https://doi.org/10.55860/90apnb26
Rodrigues Barbosa, A., Santos, D. A., & Silva, A. M. (2024). Aerobic fitness and recovery capacity in occupational performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 24(2), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2023.2254891
Russell T. Warne. (2020). Paired Two-Sample t-Tests. In R. T. Warne (Ed.), Statistics for the Social Sciences: A General Linear Model Approach (2nd ed., pp. 220–246). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/9781108894319.010
Seo, Y.-G., Oh, S., Park, W.-H., Jang, M., Kim, H.-Y., Chang, S.-A., Park, I.-K., & Sung, J. (2021). Optimal aerobic exercise intensity and its influence on the effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 13(7), 4530–4540. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-3296
Seo, D. Y., Lee, S. R., Kim, N., Ko, K. S., Rhee, B. D., & Han, J. (2021). Age-related changes in endurance capacity and aerobic exercise adaptations. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(3), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142218.109
Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2015). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Cengage Learning. https://www.cengage.com/c/experimental-and-quasi-experimental-designs-for-generalized-causal-inference-2e-shadish/
Slocum, T. A., Joslyn, P. R., Nichols, B., & Pinkelman, S. E. (2022). Revisiting an Analysis of Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple Baseline Designs. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 45(3), 681–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00351-0
Slocum, S. L., Spencer, T. J., & Green, J. M. (2022). Internal validity and control of extraneous variables in exercise intervention studies. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(9), 2555–2562. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003876
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. https://cvalfabeta.com/product/metode-penelitian-kuantitatif-kualitatif-dan-rd/
Susanto, D. (2020). Evaluasi Tes Kesamaptaan Jasmani Dalam Penerimaan Prajurit Karier Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Koulutus: Jurnal Pendidikan Kahuripan, 3, 137–144. https://ejournal.kahuripan.ac.id/index.php/koulutus/article/view/334
Triyulianti, S., Permata, A., & Utami, R. D. (2023). The Effect of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on V02 Max Overweight Adolescents. COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga, 15(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v15i1.43934
Valipour, F., Jafari, E., Sheikhmozafari, M. J., Janizadeh, R., Eskandari, D., & Ahmadi, O. (2021). Investigation of the Effects of Military Training Programs on the Maximum Consumed Oxygen and Physical Work Capacity of the Students at a Military Training University. Journal of Military Medicine, 23(8), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.30491/JMM.23.8.663
Valipour, M., Kordi, R., & Mansournia, M. A. (2021). Cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance: Field-based evaluation. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00335-9
Vogel, J. (1985). A Review of Physical Fitness as It Pertains to the Military Services. US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine.
Warne, R. T. (2020). Statistics for the social sciences. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108590489
Zhang, Y., Li, J., & Wang, X. (2025). Physical fitness standards and injury prevention in law enforcement training. Sports Medicine, 55(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-01987-3
Zhang, Z., He, J., Zhang, X., Zhao, L., & Deng, Y. (2025). Analysis of physical fitness tests for police officers in various countries: a scoping review. Frontiers in Physiology, 16(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1703389
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gerald Prayoga Pangestu, Z. Arifin, Azhar Ramadhana Sonjaya (Author); Alam Hadi Kosasih (Translator); Hidayat, Vivi Novia Eka Putri (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
