Meta Analysis of the Effect of Plyometric Training on Volleyball Smash Ability

Syofia Hidayati; Ahmad Muzaffar; Bangkit Yudho Prabowo

Authors

Syofia Hidayati Universitas Jambi Author
Ahmad Muzaffar Universitas Jambi Author
Bangkit Yudho Prabowo Universitas Jambi Author

Keywords:

Plyometric Training; Volleyball Smash; Meta-Analysis; Explosive Power; Performance Enhancement

Abstract

This study aimed to systematically examine the effect of plyometric training on volleyball smash ability through a meta-analytical approach. Plyometric training has been widely applied to enhance explosive power, particularly in sports requiring vertical jumping and rapid force production, such as volleyball. However, empirical findings regarding its effectiveness on smash performance remain inconsistent. Therefore, this study employed a meta-analysis using a descriptive quantitative framework to synthesize empirical evidence and determine the magnitude of the training effect. Research data were obtained from scientific journal articles published between 2016 and 2024. A total of 50 articles were initially identified through systematic searching, of which 8 articles met the predefined inclusion criteria and were eligible for analysis. The selected studies focused on plyometric training interventions and their effects on volleyball smash performance. Data were extracted using a structured coding sheet and analyzed by calculating effect sizes using Cohen’s d formula to quantify the magnitude of the intervention effects. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that plyometric training has a positive and statistically significant effect on volleyball smash ability. However, the overall mean effect size was 0.068, which is classified as a small effect. Further subgroup analysis based on educational level revealed meaningful differences in training responsiveness. University-level participants demonstrated a moderate effect size (d = 0.538), whereas high school/vocational school participants showed only a small effect (d = 0.082). These findings suggest that the effectiveness of plyometric training is influenced by factors such as physical maturity, training experience, and physiological readiness. In conclusion, plyometric training contributes positively to the enhancement of volleyball smash performance, yet its impact is limited when applied as a single training modality. Greater effectiveness may be achieved when plyometric exercises are integrated with complementary training approaches tailored to the athletes’ developmental level.

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