The Effect of Peer Social Support and Intrinsic Motivation on Adolescents' Physical Activity Levels

Andi Sahrul Jahrir; Andi Febi Irawati

Authors

Andi Sahrul Jahrir Universitas Negeri Makassar Author
Andi Febi Irawati Universitas Negeri Makassar Author

Keywords:

Physical Activity, Concentration, Academic Achievement, High School Students

Abstract

Physical activity among adolescents plays an important role in supporting optimal health and development, but it is still influenced by psychosocial factors, particularly peer social support and intrinsic motivation. This study aims to analyze the influence of peer social support and intrinsic motivation on adolescent physical activity. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design with 146 junior high school students in Makassar City selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) to measure physical activity, the Peer Social Support Scale to measure peer social support, and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) to measure intrinsic motivation. The results showed that peer social support and intrinsic motivation simultaneously had a significant effect on adolescent physical activity (R² = 0.412; p < 0.05). Partially, peer social support had a positive and significant effect on physical activity (β = 0.46; p < 0.05), while intrinsic motivation also showed a positive and significant effect (β = 0.31; p < 0.05). It can be concluded that increasing adolescent physical activity needs to be done by strengthening peer social support and developing intrinsic motivation so that physically active behavior can be formed and maintained sustainably.

References

Adi, S., Soenyoto, T., Aliriad, H., & Utama, M. B. R. (2025). Manajemen Aktivitas Fisik Siswa. Cahya Ghani Recovery.

Aggio, D., Fairclough, S., Knowles, Z., & Graves, L. (2016). Validity and reliability of a modified english version of the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents. Archives of Public Health, 74(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-016-0115-2

Anwar, N. I. A., Zulfikar, M., & others. (2025). Dukungan Sosial untuk Aktivitas Fisik Mahasiswa. Indonesian Journal of Physical Activity, 5(1), 65–73.

Bandura, A. (2023). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective on human nature. John Wiley & Sons.

Beni, S., Fletcher, T., & N’i Chróin’in, D. (2017). Meaningful experiences in physical education and youth sport: A review of the literature. Quest, 69(3), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1224192

Cachon-Zagalaz, J., Carrasco-Venturelli, H., Sanchez-Zafra, M., & Zagalaz-Sanchez, M. L. (2023). Motivation toward physical activity and healthy habits of adolescents: A systematic review. Children, 10(4), 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040659

Ennis, C. D. (2017). Educating students for a lifetime of physical activity: Enhancing mindfulness, motivation, and meaning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1342495

Garcia, J. M., Sirard, J. R., Larsen, R., Bruening, M., Wall, M., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2016). Social and psychological factors associated with adolescent physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 13(9), 957–963. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0224

Gavin, J., Mcbrearty, M., Malo, K. I. T., Abravanel, M., & Moudrakovski, T. (2016). Adolescents’ perception of the psychosocial factors affecting sustained engagement in sports and physical activity. International Journal of Exercise Science, 9(4), 384. https://doi.org/10.70252/YDGA7242

Gill, M., Chan-Golston, A. M., Rice, L. N., Roth, S. E., Crespi, C. M., Cole, B. L., Koniak-Griffin, D., & Prelip, M. L. (2018). Correlates of social support and its association with physical activity among young adolescents. Health Education & Behavior, 45(2), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198117714826

Hadyansah, D. (2020). Dukungan sosial dalam aktivitas jasmani remaja. Journal of Physical and Outdoor Education, 2(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.37742/jpoe.v2i2.59

Höchsmann, C., Infanger, D., Klenk, C., Königstein, K., Walz, S. P., & Schmidt-Trucksäss, A. (2019). Effectiveness of a behavior change technique--based smartphone game to improve intrinsic motivation and physical activity adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized controlled trial. JMIR Serious Games, 7(1), e11444. https://doi.org/10.2196/11444

Hutmacher, D., Eckelt, M., Bund, A., & Steffgen, G. (2020). Does motivation in physical education have an impact on out-of-school physical activity over time? A longitudinal approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197258

Kusumawati, R., Abbas, N., & Azizah, A. (2024). Peran keluarga dan teman sebaya dalam membentuk identitas sosial. JSPH: Jurnal Sosial Politik Humaniora, 1(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.59966/jsph.v1i1.1015

Laird, Y., Fawkner, S., Kelly, P., McNamee, L., & Niven, A. (2016). The role of social support on physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0405-7

Laksmi, I., & Jayanti, D. (2023). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kesehatan mental pada remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 14(1), 11–19.

Lawler, M., Heary, C., & Nixon, E. (2020). Peer support and role modelling predict physical activity change among adolescents over twelve months. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(7), 1503–1516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01187-9

Liu, Y., Ge, X., Li, H., Zhang, E., Hu, F., Cai, Y., & Xiang, M. (2023). Physical activity maintenance and increase in Chinese children and adolescents: the role of intrinsic motivation and parental support. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1175439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1175439

Lohr, S. L. (2021). Sampling: design and analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429298899

Mardison, S. (2016). Konformitas teman sebaya sebagai pembentuk perilaku individu. Jurnal Al-Taujih, 2(1), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.15548/atj.v2i1.941

Mendonça, G., & Farias Júnior, J. C. de. (2015). Physical activity and social support in adolescents: analysis of different types and sources of social support. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(18), 1942–1951. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1020842

Mendonça, G., Prazeres Filho, A., Crochemore-Silva, I., & Farias Júnior, J. C. de. (2021). Reliability, validity and internal consistency of social support and self-efficacy scales for physical activity in adolescents with 10 to 14 years of age. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 40, e2020274. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020274

Morrissey, J. L., Janz, K. F., Letuchy, E. M., Francis, S. L., & Levy, S. M. (2015). The effect of family and friend support on physical activity through adolescence: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0265-6

Nogg, K. A., Vaughn, A. A., Levy, S. S., & Blashill, A. J. (2021). Motivation for physical activity among US adolescents: a self-determination theory perspective. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 55(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa037

Ostrow, K. S., & Heffernan, N. T. (2018). Testing the validity and reliability of intrinsic motivation inventory subscales within ASSISTments. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93843-1_28

Riyanti, R., Kusmaedi, N., & Ma’mun, A. (2019). Hubungan Antara Pengguna Aplikasi dan Motivasi Instrinsik dengan Perilaku Hidup Sehat (Berdasarkan Tingkat Usia). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 19(3), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v19i3.22333

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Sabo, A., Kueh, Y. C., Arifin, W. N., Kim, Y., & Kuan, G. (2020). The validity and reliability of the Malay version of the social support for exercise and physical environment for physical activity scales. PloS One, 15(9), e0239725. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239725

Schneider, M. (2018). Intrinsic motivation mediates the association between exercise-associated affect and physical activity among adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01151

Standage, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory in sport and exercise. Handbook of Sport Psychology, 37–56.

Syalfina, A. D., Mafticha, E., Putri, A. D., Irawati, D., Priyanti, S., & Sulistyawati, W. (2024). FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA REMAJA. Al-Tamimi Kesmas: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Health Sciences), 13(2), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.35328/kesmas.v13i2.2825

Uchida, Y., Takemura, K., & Fukushima, S. (2020). How do socio-ecological factors shape culture? Understanding the process of micro-macro interactions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 32, 115–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.033

Wicaksono, A., & Handoko, W. (2020). Aktivitas fisik dan kesehatan. Akt Fis Dan Kesehatan.

Yang, J., Xu, X., Chen, Y., Shi, Z., & Han, S. (2016). Trait self-esteem and neural activities related to self-evaluation and social feedback. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 20274. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20274