The Effectiveness of Rubber Ball Media in Teaching Forward Rolls in Floor Gymnastics to Primary School Students
Keywords:
Forward Roll; Floor Gymnastics; Learning Media; Motor Learning; Physical EducationAbstract
Learning forward rolls in floor gymnastics at the primary school level continues to face challenges, particularly related to students’ limited technical mastery, low confidence, and fear of performing rotational movements. From a motor learning perspective, these obstacles are often associated with inadequate structured practice and insufficient environmental support that ensures safety and gradual skill acquisition. Therefore, the use of appropriate and adaptive learning media is essential to enhance movement understanding, reduce anxiety, and improve overall learning effectiveness. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of rubber ball media in teaching forward rolls in floor gymnastics. The research employed a quantitative experimental method using a pretest–posttest control group design. The participants were 30 fifth-grade elementary school students, divided equally into an experimental group and a control group. The instrument used was a standardized forward roll performance test. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results revealed that the experimental group achieved a higher mean posttest score (M = 83.47, SD = 6.21) compared to the control group (M = 74.13, SD = 7.05). Statistical analysis showed that t-count (3.12) exceeded t-table (2.05) with p < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between groups. These findings empirically confirm that rubber ball media is effective in improving forward roll learning outcomes and provides a safe, economical, and practical alternative for physical education instruction.
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