Development of a Short Distance Running Learning Model for Elementary School Students
Keywords:
Learning Models; Short Distance Running; Athletic Games; Elementary Schools; Research And Development.Abstract
Short-distance running lessons in elementary schools often use a conventional drill approach that lacks variety, leading to boredom and low student participation. This contradicts the principles of modern physical education pedagogy, which emphasizes active and enjoyable learning in accordance with children's developmental characteristics. This study aims to develop a game-based short-distance running learning model for upper-grade students at Palu State Elementary School 15 to increase interest, engagement, and sprint technique skills. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with a modified Borg and Gall procedure, which consisted of nine stages: needs analysis, product design, expert validation, limited trials, and field trials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, and analyzed descriptively using qualitative and quantitative methods using percentages. The results of the needs analysis indicated that 78% of students needed a more varied learning model. Validation by learning experts and game experts each resulted in a score of 96.15% (very acceptable). Small-group trials resulted in a score of 89.90% (appropriate), and large-group trials increased to 94.01% (very acceptable). The final product consisted of four game models: Sprint Ball, S-Curve Running, Plank Cones, and Obstacle Course. It was concluded that the developed models were valid, practical, and effective in increasing the interest and skills of short-distance running in upper-grade elementary school students.
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