Development of A Basic Service Technique Training Model Using The Head In Teqball Games For PJKR Students
Keywords:
Teqball; Head Service Technique; Training Model Development; Research and Development; Physical Education StudentsAbstract
This study aimed to develop a basic service technique training model using the head in Teqball games for students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR) Study Program. The research was motivated by the limited availability of structured and systematic training models that specifically address head-based serving skills in Teqball, particularly for beginner-level learners in higher education. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg and Gall model, which involved stages of needs analysis, planning, initial product development, expert validation, small-group trials, large-group trials, and product revision. The research subjects consisted of 15 PJKR students in the small-group trial and 20 PJKR students in the large-group trial. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to learning experts, Teqball experts, and students, supported by observation and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis to interpret expert feedback and quantitative descriptive analysis to determine feasibility levels based on percentage scores. The results showed that the developed training model obtained feasibility scores of 71% from learning experts, 71% from Teqball I experts, and 65% from Teqball II experts, all categorized as fairly feasible. Furthermore, the results of the small- and large-group trials demonstrated feasibility percentages ranging from 63% to 83%, indicating that the training model was understandable, practical, and beneficial. These findings confirm that the developed head-service training model is feasible for implementation and can serve as an alternative training model to improve basic Teqball service skills among PJKR students.
References
Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (2014). Educational research: An introduction (9th ed.). Pearson Education. https://www.pearson.com
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2019). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training (6th ed.). Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com
Emral. (2020). Metodologi latihan fisik. Rajawali Pers. https://rajawalipers.co.id
Ferianto, A., Setiawan, Y., & Nugroho, W. A. (2020). Sport development and physical activity culture in education. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(5), 2743–2749. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.05375
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2014). Applying educational research: How to read, do, and use research. Pearson Education. https://www.pearson.com
Kurniawan, F. (2015). Motor learning and sport skill development. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(2), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.02037
Magill, R. A., & Anderson, D. I. (2017). Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://www.mheducation.com
McLean, S., Hulme, A., Mooney, M., & Read, G. (2020). Injury prevention and movement control in sport training. Sports Medicine, 50(3), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01230-4
Müller, S., Loffing, F., & Hagemann, N. (2021). Motor coordination and perceptual skills in ball sports. Human Movement Science, 76, 102750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2020.102750
Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Reeve, J., & Cheon, S. H. (2017). Need-supportive communication in sport and exercise. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 39(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2016-0106
Putra, A. R., Hidayat, R., & Prasetyo, D. E. (2023). Physical condition training models to improve technical skills in emerging sports. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(4), 732–740. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110415
Rahmatin, J. A. (2025). Research and development models in physical education learning. Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 14(1), 55–63. https://journal.unnes.ac.id
Renshaw, I., Davids, K., Newcombe, D., & Roberts, W. (2019). The constraints-led approach. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315770555
Rohmaini, L., Yudiana, Y., & Hambali, B. (2020). Development of training models in physical education learning. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 9(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v9i2.38341
Safitri, N., Pratama, A., & Hadi, F. (2024). Conceptual foundations of sport and physical activity in education. Journal of Physical Education and Health, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpeh.v12i1.69845
Sardiman. (2024). Learning evaluation instruments in sport education. Journal of Sport Pedagogy, 6(1), 45–54. https://journal.uny.ac.id
Schmidt, R. A., Lee, T. D., Winstein, C. J., Wulf, G., & Zelaznik, H. N. (2019). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (6th ed.). Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com
Sianto, R. (2025). Teqball development and coaching perspectives in Indonesia. Journal of Sports Coaching Innovation, 3(1), 15–25. https://journal.uns.ac.id
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Alfabeta. https://alfabeta.co.id
Syahban, R. (2023). Teqball as a new sport: History and development. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Studies, 10(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.26858/jpess.v10i3.42115
Turner, A. (2015). Strength and conditioning for team sports. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 37(2), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000115
Zulyaden, A., & Dewi, R. (2022). National sport development in education, recreation, and achievement. Journal of Sport Policy and Management, 4(2), 89–98. https://journal.unnes.ac.id
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Arya, Andi Saparia, Hendriana Sri Rejeki, Sardiman (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
