Improving Martial Arts Movement Analysis Skills Using PBL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.857Keywords:
Problem Based Learning; Martial Arts Education; Movement Analysis Skills; Classroom Action Research; Physical Education.Abstract
Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) under the Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes the development of higher-order thinking skills, including students’ ability to analyze movement concepts and procedures in martial arts learning. However, preliminary observations in Class XI-8 of SMAN 2 Martapura revealed that students’ martial arts movement analysis skills remained low, with only 32.4% of students achieving the Learning Objective Achievement Criterion (KKTP) of 80. Therefore, an innovative learning approach was needed to enhance students’ analytical abilities. This study aimed to improve the martial arts movement analysis skills of Class XI-8 students through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design based on the Kemmis and McTaggart spiral model, consisting of two cycles with the stages of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The participants were 34 students of Class XI-8 during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through structured observation sheets, written tests measuring C4-level analytical skills, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using comparative descriptive techniques, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.
The results demonstrated a substantial improvement in students’ martial arts movement analysis skills. The class average score increased from 60.8 in the pre-cycle stage to 73.7 in Cycle I and 82.8 in Cycle II. Classical learning completeness improved from 32.4% to 61.8% and reached 85.3% in Cycle II, exceeding the predetermined success criterion of 80%. Student learning activity also increased significantly from 52% (poor category) to 82% (good category). In conclusion, the Problem Based Learning model proved effective in improving students’ martial arts movement analysis skills and learning participation. PBL can therefore be recommended as an instructional strategy for developing higher-order thinking skills in PJOK learning.
References
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2016). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Pearson Education. https://www.pearson.com
Anwar, F., Vai, A., & Hidayat, H. (2024). Penerapan pendekatan STEAM dalam pembelajaran PJOK materi beladiri pencak silat pada kelas IX MTs Hubbul Bilad. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 5(1). https://jurnal.stokbinaguna.ac.id/index.php/JURDIP/article/view/2229
Arikunto, S., Suhardjono, & Supardi. (2021). Penelitian tindakan kelas: Edisi revisi. Bumi Aksara.
Burns, A. (2019). Action research in education (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315182836
Casey, A., & MacPhail, A. (2018). Adopting a models-based approach to teaching physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(3), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1429588
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage Publications. https://us.sagepub.com
Fanany, A., Nurhayati, S., & Putra, M. A. (2024). Problem-based learning and student engagement in physical education: A classroom action research study. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 20(1), 45–57. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpji
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2019). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://www.mheducation.com
Harvey, S., Pill, S., & Almond, L. (2019). Old wine in new bottles: A response to claims that teaching games for understanding has failed teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(5), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1610359
Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2017). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 29(4), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-017-9416-5
Isma, T. W., Putra, R., Wicaksana, T. I., Tasrif, E., & Huda, A. (2022). Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui problem based learning (PBL). Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 6(1), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v6i1.31523
Kelasim, A., Rahman, R., & Suryanto, D. (2025). The effectiveness of problem-based learning in improving secondary school learning achievement. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 14(1), 45–57.
Kemendikbudristek. (2022). Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 262/M/2022 tentang perubahan atas keputusan Mendikbudristek tentang capaian pembelajaran pada Kurikulum Merdeka. https://kurikulum.kemdikbud.go.id
Kurniawan, A., & Hidayat, T. (2023). Student-centered learning in physical education: A systematic review. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 19(2), 134–145. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpji
Liu, Y., Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2021). Problem-based learning and students’ critical thinking development: A meta-analysis. Education Sciences, 11(8), 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080451
Mertler, C. A. (2020). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (6th ed.). Sage Publications. https://us.sagepub.com
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://us.sagepub.com
Mustafa, P. S., & Dwiyogo, W. D. (2020). Kurikulum pendidikan jasmani, olahraga, dan kesehatan di Indonesia: Perspektif abad ke-21. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 16(2), 132–145. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpji
Naibaho, R., Simanjuntak, H., & Situmorang, A. (2025). Implementation of problem-based learning in physical education classes: Improving cognitive and psychomotor outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga, 14(2), 102–114.
Nurlina, A., dkk. (2022). Buku ajar belajar dan pembelajaran. Widina Bhakti Persada.
Prasetyo, A. (2020). Modul pembelajaran SMA pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan kelas XI: Pencak silat. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
Prasetyo, D., Rahman, F., & Putra, A. (2023). Problem-solving approaches in martial arts learning: Implications for higher-order thinking skills. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 11(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v11i2.XXXXX
Qasash, M., & Abdullah, R. (2023). Pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani melalui teori kognitif dan konstruktivisme. Jurnal Studi Bina Guna, 12(4), 234–245.
Rahman, A., Putra, D., & Hidayat, T. (2023). Classroom action research in physical education learning: Strategies for improving student achievement. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 11(2), 122–134. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jolahraga
Rahman, M., Nugroho, S., & Wijayanti, D. (2024). Reflective discussion and analytical thinking development in physical education. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 43(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v43i1.XXXXX
Savery, J. R. (2019). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 13(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1815
Siregar, N., Kusuma, I. J., & Wibowo, H. (2022). Student participation and learning motivation in physical education. Jurnal SPORTIF, 8(3), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v8i3.XXXXX
Suherman, A., Juliantine, T., & Mahendra, A. (2021). Teaching practices in Indonesian physical education classrooms: Challenges and opportunities. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(2), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i2.35655
Sungur, S., & Tekkaya, C. (2020). Effects of problem-based learning on students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking. Educational Research Review, 15(4), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100376
Susilo, H., Chotimah, H., & Sari, Y. D. (2022). Penelitian tindakan kelas sebagai sarana pengembangan profesional guru. Bayumedia Publishing. https://bayumedia.id
Syayyadi, A., Rahman, T., & Nuraisyah, W. (2025). Peningkatan hasil belajar keterampilan tendangan sabit pencak silat peserta didik fase C melalui model problem based learning. SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga, 6(2). https://jurnal.icjambi.id/index.php/sprinter/article/view/730
Syayyadi, M., Hidayat, R., & Wahyudi, F. (2025). Improving pencak silat learning outcomes through problem-based learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 10(1), 88–98.
Triviona, N., Kurniawati, D., & Hartono, S. (2025). Scaffolding strategies in problem-based learning for movement skill development. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga dan Kesehatan, 13(1), 33–46.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu
Yew, E. H. J., & Goh, K. (2016). Problem-based learning: An overview of its process and impact on learning. Health Professions Education, 2(2), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2016.01.004
Zainudin, M., & Ubabuddin, M. (2023). Higher-order thinking skills assessment in the Merdeka Curriculum: An analytical framework. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 12(4), 650–662. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JPI
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutia Kastaniah, Syamsul Arifin, Busriansyah, Wawan Setiawan , Khairul Muis, Santoso (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
