Biomechanical Of Kicking In Wushu Sanda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.862Keywords:
Biomechanics; Kicking; Wushu Sanda; Kinetic Chain; Martial Arts.Abstract
Wushu Sanda is a martial arts combat sport with high-intensity kicking in competition. This study aimed to analyze the biomechanics of Wushu Sanda kicking through a systematic literature review with a kinetic chain approach to develop a comprehensive conceptual model. The systematic literature review method was conducted by accessing Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar databases using keywords related to kicking biomechanics and Wushu Sanda for the period 2020-2025. Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically across kinematic, kinetic, electromyographic, and physiological dimensions. The results showed that Wushu Sanda kicks consist of four main movement phases: preparation phase (stance), leg lift phase, extension phase, and contact with follow-through phase. The kicking kinetic chain involves energy transfer from ground reaction force through hip rotation (40% contribution), trunk rotation (30%), to knee and ankle extension (30%). Dominant muscles include gluteus maximus, quadriceps (rectus femoris and vastus lateralis), hamstring, gastrocnemius, and core muscles (rectus abdominis and obliques). Efficient neuromuscular coordination between proximal and distal body segments is the main determinant of kicking performance. Biomechanical factors determining kick effectiveness include hip angular velocity, ground reaction force, joint range of motion, and postural stability. Incorrect kicking technique correlates with injury risk to the knee (22.41%), ankle (18.98%), and lower back (13.8%). The novelty of this research lies in the development of the first Sanda kicking biomechanics conceptual model that integrates biomechanical, functional anatomical, and sports physiology aspects with a kinetic chain-based movement phase approach. The resulting kicking technique evaluation model can be applied by coaches for performance optimization and injury prevention in Wushu Sanda athletes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Misca Yesika Vina Br Sembiring, Anggun Amalia Sembiring, Ima Pareme Oppu Sunggu, Daniel Fransisco Silitonga, Mesnan, Suryadi Damanik, Benny Aprial M (Author)
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