Standardization Of Physical Fitness Assessment Based On The Independent Curriculum: Scoping Review Of The Physical Education Instrument

Abstrak

This study aims to examine the standardization and effectiveness of locally contextualized physical fitness assessment instruments within physical education, particularly in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum (Merdeka Curriculum). The urgency of this scoping review arises from persistent limitations in current fitness assessment practices, which often lack adequate validity, reliability, and contextual relevance to students’ real-life conditions. The misalignment between standardized assessment tools and local socio-cultural contexts has frequently resulted in inaccurate interpretations of students’ physical fitness levels and reduced educational impact. This study employed a qualitative scoping review design, systematically analyzing scholarly literature from accredited national and international journals, conference proceedings, academic books, and policy-related documents published within the last decade. Data were analyzed using content analysis, encompassing stages of data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and synthesis to identify dominant patterns, methodological trends, and empirical outcomes related to physical fitness assessment in physical education. The findings indicate that local context-based fitness assessment models consistently demonstrate superior effectiveness compared to conventional approaches. Empirical evidence synthesized across studies shows an average 30% improvement in students’ physical fitness, markedly higher than the 10% improvement associated with traditional assessment methods. The most significant gains were observed in cardiovascular endurance (34%) and agility, reflecting the influence of authentic, contextually relevant physical activities. Moreover, approximately 85% of students exhibited increased intrinsic motivation and learning engagement, underscoring the critical role of affective dimensions and structured feedback in assessment practices. In conclusion, locally contextualized physical fitness assessment instruments represent a strategic and evidence-based alternative for enhancing the quality of physical education. These findings provide a robust foundation for educators and policymakers to develop valid, relevant, and meaningful assessment frameworks aligned with the goals of the Independent Curriculum in fostering a healthy, adaptive, and competitive generation.