The Level of Mastery of Basic Volleyball Skills: An Empirical Study of the Women’s Volleyball Team at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Abstrak

This study aims to evaluate the level of mastery of basic volleyball skills among members of the women’s volleyball team of the Student Activity Unit (UKM) at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The skills assessed include underhand passing, overhand passing, overhand serving, and smashing, which represent the core technical components determining game effectiveness. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, using standardized volleyball skill tests as the primary data collection method. All 20 female athletes registered as active team members were involved as research participants through a total sampling technique. The measurement instruments used in this study had previously undergone validity and reliability testing, ensuring the accuracy and objectivity of the data obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to provide a comprehensive profile of the athletes’ technical abilities. The results indicate that the overall level of mastery of basic volleyball skills among the participants predominantly falls within the moderate to poor categories, with noticeable variations between individuals. Underhand passing and overhand passing showed limitations in ball control, accuracy, and consistency, which potentially hinder effective transition from defense to attack. Overhand serving skills were characterized by unstable execution, reflecting inconsistencies in coordination and contact accuracy. Meanwhile, smashing skills, although generally classified at an intermediate level, revealed deficiencies in the integration of power, jump timing, and hitting precision. These findings demonstrate that mastery of basic volleyball techniques at the university level is not solely influenced by training frequency but is strongly determined by the quality of structured training, technical feedback, and movement coordination. This study provides empirical evidence that can serve as a foundation for systematic evaluation and the development of more focused, evidence-based coaching programs aimed at improving individual skills and overall team performance in higher education volleyball settings.