Description of Student Body Composition Based on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

Abstrak

Modern lifestyle changes, particularly among university students, have led to decreased physical activity and increased health risks related to body composition. While Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to assess nutritional status, it does not adequately reflect the distribution of body fat and muscle mass. Therefore, more comprehensive methods such as Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) are needed to provide accurate health assessments. This study aimed to describe the body composition profile of university students using the OKOK application integrated with a Digipounds digital scale. A quantitative descriptive design was employed involving 24 students selected through total sampling. Body composition measurements included BMI, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and bone mass using BIA technology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum–maximum) and categorical distribution. The results showed that the average BMI was 20.42, with 62.5% of participants classified as normal, 20.8% overweight, and 16.7% underweight. Most students had normal body fat levels (54.2%), while 20.8% were categorized as high. Muscle mass was generally normal (50.0%), with 29.2% high and 20.8% low. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed that some students with normal BMI had high body fat percentage, indicating the presence of normal weight obesity. In conclusion, BMI alone is insufficient to represent overall health status, whereas BIA-based digital assessment provides more comprehensive and accurate body composition data. These findings highlight the importance of regular body composition monitoring to support early health detection among university students.