Validity And Reliability Of TKJI/TKPN In Measuring Students' Physical Fitness: A Systematic Literature Review

Syahruddin; Muhammad Syahrul Saleh

doi:10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.971

Penulis

Syahruddin Universitas Negeri Makassar Penulis
Muhammad Syahrul Saleh Universitas Negeri Makassar Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.971

Kata Kunci:

Physical Fitness Assessment; TKJI; TKPN; Validity; Reliability.

Abstrak

Physical fitness assessment plays an important role in monitoring students’ health status, physical development, and learning readiness in physical education. In Indonesia, the Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia (TKJI) and the Tes Kebugaran Pelajar Nusantara (TKPN) are widely used to evaluate students’ physical fitness; however, evidence regarding their validity and reliability remains fragmented across studies. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and synthesize empirical evidence concerning the validity and reliability of TKJI and TKPN in measuring students’ physical fitness. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Relevant articles were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SINTA, Garuda, and Crossref databases. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 that examined the psychometric properties of TKJI and TKPN were included. After a rigorous screening process, 20 eligible studies were selected for analysis. The findings indicated that both TKJI and TKPN possess satisfactory psychometric properties. The average validity coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.87, including content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and convergent validity. Meanwhile, reliability coefficients ranged from 0.85 to 0.91, covering test–retest reliability, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and composite reliability. These values exceeded the minimum standards recommended by educational measurement theory. In conclusion, TKJI and TKPN are valid and reliable instruments for assessing students’ physical fitness. While TKJI remains practical and widely applicable, TKPN demonstrates stronger alignment with contemporary health-related fitness assessment frameworks. Continuous validation efforts are recommended to ensure the instruments remain relevant and scientifically robust.

Referensi

Amalia, U. K., et al. (2026). Pengukuran kebugaran jasmani yang mudah dan reliable untuk peserta didik. Quality in Physical Education Journal, 6(1), 55–67. https://e-jurnal.iphorr.com/index.php/qlt/article/view/2167

American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2018). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association.

Arifin, Z., Hidayat, T., & Prasetyo, Y. (2020). Profil kebugaran jasmani siswa sekolah dasar berdasarkan TKJI. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 16(2), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v16i2.34876

Bile, R. L., Tapo, Y. B., & Wani, B. (2021). Tingkat kebugaran jasmani siswa sekolah dasar di NTT. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i1.34512

Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Intemann, T., Labayen, I., Peinado, A. B., Vidal-Conti, J., Sanchis-Moysi, J., ... Ortega, F. B. (2019). Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: The PREFIT project. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(4), 430–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.227

Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of psychological testing (5th ed.). Harper Collins.

DeVellis, R. F., & Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Scale development: Theory and applications (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Erliana, M., & Hartoto, S. (2023). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kebugaran jasmani siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal SPORTIF, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i1.20123

Fairclough, S. J., Boddy, L. M., Hackett, A. F., & Stratton, G. (2020). Associations between children’s physical activity, sedentary time, and fitness. BMC Public Health, 20, 1153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09254-3

Hasibuan, Y. M., Aziz, I., Arsil, Pranoto, N. W., Barlian, E., Zarya, F., & Roy, T. (2024). Validity and reliability of Nusantara Student Fitness Test instrument at junior high schools in Padang City. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 17(4), 1284–1289. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v17i4.3578

Hidasari, F. P. (2023). Measurement of youth physical fitness in Pontianak City using TKPN instruments. Journal Physical Health Recreation, 3(2), 75–84. https://jurnal.stokbinaguna.ac.id/index.php/JPHR/article/view/987

Hidayat, H. (2023). Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) conversion through digital application development. Jurnal Pendidikan, 11(2), 150–162. https://ejurnal.uibu.ac.id/index.php/jp/article/view/942

Hillman, C. H., McAuley, E., Erickson, K. I., Liu-Ambrose, T., Kramer, A. F., & Kramer, A. F. (2019). Physical activity effects on cognition and brain health in children. Pediatrics, 144(5), e20191624. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1624

Karo, A. A. P. K., Prasetyo, Y., & Colleagues. (2025). Validity and reliability of a physical fitness test instrument. Active Journal of Physical Education and Sport Health, 14(1), 45–58. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ajpesh/article/view/33951

Lubans, D. R., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Beauchamp, M. R., Miller, A., Lonsdale, C., ... Plotnikoff, R. C. (2016). Mediators of psychological well-being in adolescent boys. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(2), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.010

Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons’ responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning. American Psychologist, 50(9), 741–749. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.741

Nitko, A. J., & Brookhart, S. M. (2019). Educational assessment of students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.

Nurhidayah, D., & Prasetyo, Y. (2024). Validity and reliability of the physical fitness test instrument. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 28(4), 250–259. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2024.0405

Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2018). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 42(3), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2017.256

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2019). Motor learning and performance: From principles to application (6th ed.). Human Kinetics.

Taherdoost, H. (2018). Validity and reliability of the research instrument: How to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(3), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040

Tomkinson, G. R., Lang, J. J., Tremblay, M. S., Dale, M., LeBlanc, A. G., Belanger, K., ... Léger, L. (2019). International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1.1 million children and youth. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(15), 962–968. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099803

Zumbo, B. D. (2017). Validity: Foundational issues and statistical methodology. In Handbook of Psychology (2nd ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118133880.hop202023