Effects of Elderly Exercise and Balance Training on Strength, Balance, and Blood Glucose

Ikhsan Dermawan Syamsul; Aco Tang; Wahyuddin; Gde Purwa Samatra

Authors

Ikhsan Dermawan Syamsul Politeknik Kesehatan Makasar Author
Aco Tang Politeknik Kesehatan Makasar Author
Wahyuddin Universitas Esa Unggul Author
Gde Purwa Samatra Universitas Udayana Author

Keywords:

Elderly Exercise; Balance Training; Muscle Strength; Blood Glucose; Healthy Ageing

Abstract

Declining lower limb muscle strength, impaired balance, and poor glycemic control are prevalent functional and metabolic challenges among older adults, particularly those living with diabetes mellitus. These conditions substantially increase the risk of falls, functional dependence, and chronic complications, underscoring the need for effective, low-cost, and community-based exercise interventions. This study aimed to examine the effects of a combined elderly exercise and balance training program on leg muscle strength, balance performance, and blood glucose levels in elderly individuals with diabetes, with the hypothesis that the integrated intervention would yield superior outcomes compared to usual activity. An experimental study employing a two-group pretest–posttest control group design was conducted. A total of 40 elderly participants aged 60–69 years were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The treatment group participated in a combined program of elderly gymnastics and balance training conducted twice weekly for six weeks, while the control group continued their usual daily activities. Leg muscle strength was assessed using a leg dynamometer, balance performance was measured with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a calibrated glucometer. The results demonstrated a significant increase in lower limb muscle strength, a meaningful improvement in balance performance, and a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in the treatment group, whereas the control group showed minimal or no changes across all outcome measures. These findings indicate that integrating balance training into elderly exercise programs is more effective than usual activity alone in improving both functional and metabolic outcomes. The study supports the implementation of combined exercise and balance training as a practical strategy to promote healthy ageing and improve diabetes management in elderly populations.

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