Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Learning Strategies in Physical Education in Elementary Schools: A Literature Review

Megawati; Eki Aldapit

doi:10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.887

Authors

Megawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi Author
Eki Aldapit Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.887

Keywords:

Problem Solving; Learning Strategy; Physical Education; Elementary School;

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze learning strategies that can develop Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) to foster critical and creative students in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) at the elementary school level. The study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, involving a literature search on HOTS learning strategies in physical education that emphasize a problem-solving approach as the primary focus, using the Google Scholar database. The research process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Based on a search for articles published within the last five years (2021–2025), after rigorous screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The analysis revealed that problem-solving-based learning strategies effectively enhance elementary school students’ higher-order thinking skills, including analytical, evaluative, and creative abilities, through contextual physical activities such as cooperative games and motor challenges. These findings confirm that implementing such strategies in elementary school physical education can increase student engagement and optimally integrate cognitive and physical dimensions. Recommendations include teacher competency training and the development of a curriculum based on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)

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