Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Learning Strategies in Physical Education in Elementary Schools: A Literature Review

Megawati; Eki Aldapit

doi:10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.887

Penulis

Megawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi Penulis
Eki Aldapit Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26858/cpjok.v18i2.887

Kata Kunci:

Problem Solving; Learning Strategy; Physical Education; Elementary School;

Abstrak

This study aims to identify and analyze learning strategies that can develop Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) to foster critical and creative students in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) at the elementary school level. The study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, involving a literature search on HOTS learning strategies in physical education that emphasize a problem-solving approach as the primary focus, using the Google Scholar database. The research process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Based on a search for articles published within the last five years (2021–2025), after rigorous screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The analysis revealed that problem-solving-based learning strategies effectively enhance elementary school students’ higher-order thinking skills, including analytical, evaluative, and creative abilities, through contextual physical activities such as cooperative games and motor challenges. These findings confirm that implementing such strategies in elementary school physical education can increase student engagement and optimally integrate cognitive and physical dimensions. Recommendations include teacher competency training and the development of a curriculum based on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)

Referensi

Abdullah, R. H., & Kuntjoro, B. F. T. (2022). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Hybrid Learning Berbasis Hots Dalam Mata Pelajaran Pjok Di Masa Pandemi. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 1(2) 41-50. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan-jasmani/article/view/49481

Adi, S., Utama, M. B. R., Arba, F. K., Ihsani, S. I., Aliriad, H., & Fahri, A. S. (2025). Analysis of Using Technology In Physical Education: Systematic Literature Review. COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga, 17(1), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v17i1.70134

Andrean, S. (2022). Analisis Buku Ajar Tematik untuk Mata Pelajaran PJOK Kelas III Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skill. Al-Azkiya: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MI/SD, 7(1), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.32505/azkiya/%2520V7i1.4339

Angga, P. D., & Sari, A. J. (2025). Deep Learning: Bagaimana Implementasinya Pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK)? Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 10(2), 1373–1391. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v10i2.3227

Ardiasa, K. P., Semarayasa, I. K., & Satyawan, I. M. (2025). Model Pembelajaran Teaching Games For Understanding Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 13(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v13i3.104096

Artiluhung, R. R., Mahendra, A., Yulianto, A. G., & Aman, M. S. (2024). Systematic Literature Review: Strategies for Active and Creative Learning in Elementary School Physical Education. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 13(3), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.15294/peshr.v13i3.13854

Blegur, J. (2024). Pelatihan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Project-Based Learning Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani. Jurnal Abdimas Prakasa Dakara, 4(2), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.37640/japd.v4i2.2073

Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to Assess Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Your Classroom. ASCD

Casey, A., Goodyear, V. A., & Dyson, B. P. (2015). Model Fidelity and Students’ Responses to an Authenticated Unit of Cooperative Learning. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 34(4), 642-660. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0227

Cayoto, C., Rumini, R., & Hanani, E. S. (2022). Learning Physical Education, Sports and Health in Elementary Schools Based tn Higher Order Thinking Skills During The Covid 19 Pandemic. Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 11(2), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpes.v11i2.58937

Dyson, B., Griffin, L. L., & Hastie, P. (2004). Sport Education, Tactical Games, and Cooperative Learning: Theoretical and Pedagogical Considerations. Quest, 56(2), 226-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2004.10491823

Fathiyati, T. N., Permana, R., & Saleh, Y. T. (2022). Instrumen Tes Literasi Jasmani Domain Kompetensi Fisik untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 10(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v10i1.43287

Fenanlampir, A., Batlolona, J. R., Hasbullah, B., Rumahlewang, E., Solissa, J., Latar, I. M., Matitaputty, J., & Hattu, M. (2025). Investigation of Communication Skills Using the Psycho-Cognitiv Homogeneity Strategy: A Study of Physical Education For Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 21(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v21i2.79200

Fransisco, D., Akbar, A., Eriani, E., Manalu, N., & Supriadi, A. (2025). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dalam Pembelajaran Lari Jarak Pendek Pada Siswa SD Ditinjau dari Tingkat Kecerdasan Siswa. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 13(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v13i1.93621

Imran, Misdar, M., & Rada. (2024). Analysis of Collaborative Problem Solving Learning. Jurnal Eduscience (JES), 11(1), 230–245. https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v11i1.5658

Kirk, D. (2010). Physical Education Futures. Routledge

Mawarti, S., & Arsiwi, A. A. (2020). Analisis Pengembangan Materi Pembelajaran Bola Basket Berorientasi High Order Thinking Skill di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 16(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.6534/jpji.v16i1.5564

Metzler, M. W. (2017). Instructional Models For Physical Education (3rd ed.). Routledge

Pradityana, K. (2025). Mindfulness Exercise as A Strategy to Improve Learning Concentration in Physical Education for Elementary School Students. Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 16(04), 494–501. https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.164.02

Prasetiyo, R., Synthiawati, N. N., & Susanto, N. (2023). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Outdoor Games Activities untuk Meningkatkan Problem Solving Skills Siswa. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(6), 7362–7370. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.5545

Rahayu, A. A., Rahmat, A., & Carsiwan, C. (2024). Hubungan Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Terhadap Berpikir Kritis Siswa (Systematic Literature Review). Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 4(2), 839-851. https://doi.org/10.55081/jurdip.v4i2.1901

Rianto, R., Atiq, A., & Haetami, M. (2019). Tingkat Pembelajaran HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Materi Sepak Bola Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa (JPPK), 9(7), 11-20. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/view/41636

Rusdiyanto, R. M., & Kurniawan, A. W. (2025). Global trends of gamification in enhancing students’ social skills in physical education (2015–2025). Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 4(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.598

Salamah, N., & Raharjo, H. P. (2023). Analisis Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Kelas X Mapel PJOK Ditinjau dari HOTS di SMK Se-Kecamatan Kebumen. Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport, 4(1), 202-211. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/inapes/article/view/51025

Suhadi, S., Handoko, R. D., Mawarti, S., Santoso, N., Antoni, M. S., & Andriyani, F. D. (2023). Teachers' Lesson Plan in the Implementation of HOTS Oriented Physical Education Learning. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 11(1), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v11i1.59655

Syafariadi, Z., Triansyah, A., & Bafadal, M. F. (2023). Higher Order Thingking Skill (Hots) Dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran PJOK Se-Kota Pontianak. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 4(1), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.55081/jurdip.v4i1.1299

Waffak, M. N., Sukoco, P., Sugiyanto, F. X., & Setiawan, J. (2022). Developing a Basketball Learning Model Using the Teaching Game for Understanding (TGFU) Approach to Improve the Effectiveness of Hots in Elementary Schools. 7989, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.03

Yuliandini, N., Hamdu, G., & Respati, R. (2019). Pengembangan Soal Tes Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skill (Hots) Taksonomi Bloom Revisi di Sekolah Dasar. Pedadidaktika: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 6(1), 37-46. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/pedadidaktika/article/view/12563

Yusuf, M. E., Irianto, T., & Rahmadi, R. (2022). Analisis Butir Soal Penilaian Tengah Semester Gasal Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga Dan Kesehatan Tingkat Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Kelas VI SD Se-Kota Banjarbaru. STABILITAS: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 3(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.20527/mpj.v3i1.1492

Zulrafli, Z., Kamarudin, K., & Erawati, Y. (2023). Peningkatan Kompetensi Dan Kreativitas Guru Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Soal-Soal Berbasis Higher Order Thingking Skill (HOTS) Pada Kelompok Kerja Guru (KKG) Penjas. Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE), 3(3), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v3i3.361